Health Insurance Reform Schedule
This health insurance reform schedule is the official announced schedule from Easy To Insure ME to help citizens understand the future of health insurance in the United States.
Health Insurance Reform Schedule
2010
New programs:
* Temporary retiree reinsurance program.
* National risk pool, small business tax credit.
* 0 rebate for Medicare members who reach the “doughnut hole”.
Health Insurance Reforms:
* No lifetime benefit limits based on dollar amounts.
* Allowed restricted yearly limits on the dollar value of certain benefits.
* No coverage rescissions/cancellations (except for fraud or internal misrepresentation).
* No cost-sharing obligations for preventive services.
* Must have dependent coverage up to age 26.
* New internal and external appeal process.
* No pre-existing condition exclusions for dependent children (under 19 years of age).
* New health plan disclosure and transparency requirements.
2011
Insurance Reforms:
* New uniform coverage documents and standard definitions are developed.
* Must have minimum medical loss ratios.
Medicare Reforms:
* Start of Medicare Advantage cost-sharing limits.
* Medicare beneficiaries who reach the doughnut hole to get a 50% discount on brand name drugs.
* Primary care doctors and general surgeons practicing in underserved areas, such as inner city and rural communities to get a 10% bonus.
* Medicare Advantage plans begin having payments frozen.
Other:
* Yearly fee for brand-name drug manufacturers.
* Start of voluntary long-term care insurance program giving a cash benefit to help those with disabilities stay in their homes or pay nursing home cost: benefit starts 5 years after paying coverage fee.
* Increased funding for community health centers to provide care for many low-income and uninsured people.
2012
* Hospitals, doctors and payers encouraged to join forces in “accountable care organizations”.
* Hospitals with high rates of preventable readmissions facing reduced Medicare payments.
2013
* Individuals making 0,000 a year or couples making 0,000 would have a higher Medicare payroll tax of 2.35% on earned income – up from the current 1.45%. A new 3.8% tax on unearned income, such as dividends and interest, also added.
* Contributions to flexible spending accounts (FSAs) limited to ,500 a year – indexed for inflation. And the threshold for deducting medical expenses on taxes goes from 7.5% to 10% income.
* Medical device manufacturers have a 2.9% sales tax on medical devices; with exemptions for some, like eyeglasses, contact lens, and hearing aids.
* No more deduction for expenses allocable to Medicare Part D subsidy for employers who maintain prescription drug plans for their Medicare Part D-eligible retirees.
2014
Coverage Mandates & Subsidies:
* New Individual and employer coverage responsibilities.
* New Individual affordability tax credit and expanded small business tax credits.
Health Insurance Quotes Exchange & Insurance Reforms:
* State individual and small group health insurance exchanges operational.
* Guaranteed issue, guaranteed renewability, modified community rating and minimum benefit standards (“essential benefits” plan) effective.
* No more lifetime and yearly dollar limits for essential benefits.
* New taxes on health insurers.
2018
* New tax (“Cadillac tax”) on employer-sponsored health plans that offer policies with generous coverage levels.
2020
* Doughnut hole coverage gap in Medicare prescription benefits is fully phased out. Seniors continue to pay the standard 25% of their drug costs until they reach the threshold for Medicare catastrophic coverage.
The mission of Easy To Insure ME is to help Americans find affordable health insurance in the easiest way possible. Licensed advisors do this by shopping all carriers available to the client and picking out four plans that will provide the best benefits at the lowest cost to the consumer. Then an easy to read side by side recommendation of these plans is sent through email to make the process as simplified as possible.
Easy To Insure ME is not a lead generation website. Real licensed professionals are here to help clients make knowledgeable and affordable individual health insurance decisions. An advisor can be reached at 866-492-3905. “Nobody does what we do for our clients.” http://www.easytoinsureme.com/
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Modelling Extremal Events: For Insurance and Finance
Both in insurance and in finance applications, questions involving extremal events (such as large insurance claims, large fluctuations in financial data, stock market shocks, risk management, …) play an increasingly important role. This book sets out to bridge the gap between the existing theory and practical applications both from a probabilistic as well as from a statistical point of view. Whatever new theory is presented is always motivated by relevant real-life examples. The numerous illustrations and examples, and the extensive bibliography make this book an ideal reference text for students, teachers and users in the industry of extremal event methodology.
Rating: 
(out of 4 reviews)
List Price: $ 107.00
Price: $ 85.42
Review by R. Gatto for Modelling Extremal Events: For Insurance and Finance
Rating:
This book is one of the key references in extreme value theory and in actuarial risk theory. It is a complete and well written reference for theoretical and applied scientists. It is certainly one of my favorite references.
Review by Roger M. Cooke for Modelling Extremal Events: For Insurance and Finance
Rating:
This is an excellent book either as a straight read or as a source. It is the most comprehensive and readable book I know in this field. This is achieved by skipping fundamental proofs – for those, see Sidney Resanick Heavy Tailed Phenomena http://www.amazon.com/Heavy-Tail-Phenomena-Probabilistic-Statistical-Engineering/dp/0387242724. That said, there are many longish but routine calculations which the narrative or’leaps. Its fun to work them out, but a clause or two like ‘do this and this to see that…’ would have helped.
Review by Michael R. Chernick for Modelling Extremal Events: For Insurance and Finance
Rating:
book presents extreme value theory and its applications with the finance industry as its primary target. There have been many excellent texts written on extreme value theory but none this extensive. As the authors admit even as extensive as it is the theory of multivariate extremes is neglected. They chose to only cover in detail the theory that is mature enough for application.
What you will find here that is not in many texts on this subject is a treatment of risk theory and fluctuations of sums and various time series models including cases with heavy-tailed marginal distributions.
Chapter 8 on special topics is particularly interesting with a lot of coverage for the extremal index, large claim index, ARCH processes, large deviations, reinsurance, stable processes and self-similarity. The book contains over 600 references to the literature and is a welcome resource for practitioners in finance and insurance as well as extreme value theorists.
Review by Giuseppe A. Paleologo for Modelling Extremal Events: For Insurance and Finance
Rating:
This book covers the theory and applications of extremal value theory (an area of applied probability). The mathematics is kept at an acceptable level, i.e. advanced undergraduates in math/physics/engineering, but the breadth and the sophistication of the statements are such that the results are never trivial. Chapters 2-3-4 introduce the reader to the property of sums, maxima and order statistics of random variables. Many results are only stated but not proved. Yet, this does not detract to the readability of the book. Chpater 5 treats point processes and requires a deeper mathematical background. Among the chapters, this was the most disappointing to me. The monographs of Resnick and of Kallenberg, as well as many good introductions to point processes in queueing theory, are in my opinion both a more intuitive and rigorous introduction to random measures. This is not a major flaw of the book, given its view toward applications; and besides this, the bibliographical notes will point the reader to the relevant literature. Chapter 6, on statistical analysis of extremal events, is enjoyable and extremely useful for practitioners in finance and insurance. Chapter 7 touches upon time series and its relation to heavy tails. Finally, chapter 8 is a put-pourri of topics: ARCH processes, stable processes, self-similarity. Overall, I found this book useful as a reference, but sometimes lacking in focus: some topics seem juxtaposed with no clear logical continuity. Another potential shortcoming of the book is that it is neither completely rigorous nor completely readable (i.e., an undergraduate-level book). At the same time, these can be considered as qualities: with regards to the former, there is plenty of material to consult and draw inspiration from; and at the same time each reader will find the “right” level of mathematics in the book. In my opinion the final balance is largely positive, and I would recommend this book without hesitation.